ABSTRACT
Melatonin receptor 1B (MT2, encoded by the MTNR1B gene), a high-affinity receptor for melatonin, is associated with glucose homeostasis including glucose uptake and transport. The rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene is linked to glucose metabolism disorders including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, the relationship between MT2-mediated melatonin signaling and a high birth weight of GDM infants from maternal glucose abnormality remains poorly understood. This article aims to investigate the relationship between rs10830963 variants and GDM development, as well as the effects of MT2 receptor on glucose uptake and transport in trophoblasts. TaqMan-MGB (minor groove binder) probe quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were used for rs10930963 genotyping. MT2 expression in the placenta of GDM and normal pregnant women was detected by immunofluorescence, western blot, and qPCR. The relationship between MT2 and glucose transporters (GLUTs) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was established by western blot, and glucose consumption of trophoblasts was measured by a glucose assay kit. The results showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of rs10830963 were significantly different between GDM and normal pregnant women (P<0.05). The fasting, 1-h and 2-h plasma glucose levels of G-allele carriers were significantly higher than those of C-allele carriers (P<0.05). Besides, the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of MT2 in the placenta of GDM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women (P<0.05). Melatonin could stimulate glucose uptake and GLUT4 and PPARγ protein expression in trophoblasts, which could be attenuated by MT2 receptor knockdown. In conclusion, the rs10830963 variant was associated with an increased risk of GDM. The MT2 receptor is essential for melatonin to raise glucose uptake and transport, which may be mediated by PPARγ.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes, Gestational/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Melatonin/metabolism , Polymorphism, Genetic , PPAR gamma , Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship of blood lipid levels with bone mass and fracture risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A total of 744 elderly patients with T2DM who were treated in Tangshan Second Hospital from November 2018 to May 2020 were divided into normal bone mass group, low bone mass group and osteoporosis group according to bone mass levels. The total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the three groups were compared, and the relationship between lipid indexes and bone mass was analyzed. The risk of fracture was calculated in the low bone mass group, and the relationship between lipid index and fracture risk was analyzed by linear regression. The blood lipid index between subjects with fracture and without fracture in osteoporosis group was compared, and the relationship between blood lipid index and fracture was analyzed by logistic regression.Results:There were significant differences in gender and age among the three groups (χ 2=38.80, F=4.94, P<0.05). The normal bone mass group had the smallest proportion of women and the youngest average age, while the osteoporosis group had the largest proportion of women and the average age. maximum. The LDL-C level in normal bone mass group was higher than those in the low bone mass group and the osteoporosis group, and LDL-C level in the low bone mass group was higher than that in the osteoporosis group ( F=3.38, P<0.05). In the low bone mass group, the risk of systemic fracture was 3.50% (2.40%, 4.10%) and hip fracture was 0.99% (0.80%, 1.20%). Linear regression showed that LDL-C and TG were positively correlated with the risk of systemic fractures in the low bone mass group (LDL-C: B=0.98, P=0.006;TG: B=0.23, P=0.024);TG was positively correlated with the risk of hip fracture in the low bone mass group ( B=0.16, P=0.002). In the osteoporosis group, the levels of HDL-C and LDL-C were lower in the patients with fractures than those without fractures ( t=3.24, P=0.001; t=2.98, P=0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that higher HDL-C and LDL-C levels were protection factors for fracture risk in the osteoporosis group ( β=-2.73, P=0.009, OR=0.06, 95 %CI=0.04-0.10; β=-0.15, P=0.033, OR=0.83, 95 %CI=0.74-0.99). Conclusion:The relationship of serum lipid index with bone mass and fracture risk in hospitalized elderly T2DM patients is complicated, it is suggested to set individual blood lipid control targets according to the bone mass of patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:This study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in chronic renal injury caused by cyclosporine A (CSA) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The model of chronic CSA nephropathy was established in rats. The rats were divided into solvent control group, CSA model group and normal control group. Serum creatinine and urinary protein levels were detected. The tubulointerstitial injury was observed by light microscopy. The changes of mitochondrial structure were observed by electron microscope, and the expression of Mfn2 was detected by Western blot.Results:The levels of serum creatinine and urinary protein in CSA model group at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher than those in control group and solvent group ( P<0.05). In CSA model group, tubulointerstitial injury was obvious, mitochondria swelling and deformation were found in tubular epithelial cells, and ridge disappeared. Compared with normal control group and solvent control group, the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group was significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks ( P<0.05), and the expression of Mfn2 in CSA model group at 4 weeks was further decreased compared with 2 weeks ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mfn2 may play an important role in the injury of tubular epithelial cells caused by cyclosporine.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs combined with retinal laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF drugs alone in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) combined with macular edema (ME).Methods:A evidence-based medicine study. Retinal vein occlusion (obstruction), macular edema, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, conbercept, aflibercept, and retinal laser photocoagulation were the Chinese and English search terms. Related literature was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Weipu, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library. RVO combined with ME was selected as the research object, and the treatment plan was a clinical randomized controlled study comparing intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs combined with laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF drugs alone. The search time range was from January 2011 to February 2021. Repeated, incomplete or irrelevant literature, case reports and review literature were excluded. Review Manager 5.4 statistical software was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the literature. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were selected as the estimated value of effect size, and the fixed effect model was used for analysis. The evaluation indicators were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), center macular thickness (CMT), and the number of injections. Results:According to the search strategy, 461 articles were initially retrieved, and 21 articles were finally included for meta-analysis. A total of 1156 patients were enrolled, of which 576 were treated with anti-VEGF drugs combined with laser photocoagulation (combined treatment group), and 580 were treated with anti-VEGF drugs alone (drug treatment group). Meta-analysis results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and CMT between the drug treatment group and the combination treatment group at 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment (BCVA: WMD =-0.82, 95% CI -2.38-0.74, P=0.30; CMT: WMD=-3.12, 95% CI -17.25-11.01, P=0.67). For patients with branch retinal vein occlusion and ME, combined therapy can reduce the number of injections more effectively than drug therapy alone ( WMD=-0.80, 95% CI -1.18--0.42, Z=4.10, P <0.000 1). Conclusion:Compared with pure intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs, combined retinal laser photocoagulation can not better improve BCVA and CMT in patients with RVO and ME. For patients with branch retinal vein occlusion and ME, combined retinal laser photocoagulation can effectively reduce the resistance. The number of VEGF injections.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of hyperuricemia on the prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) using propensity score matching (PSM) method.Methods:IgAN patients proven by biopsy were included. PSM was used to match patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of hyperuricemia on IgAN prognosis. Primary outcome events were defined as death, or end-stage renal disease (dialysis, transplantation), or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 40%. Renal outcome was defined as end-stage renal disease (dialysis, transplantation), or a decrease in eGFR greater than 40%.Results:A total of 1 454 IgAN patients were included in this study, including 850 females and 604 males. Uric acid level was (368.26±92.87) μmol/L in the males, and (277.23±92.71) μmol/L in the females. The median follow-up time was 85.00(56.10, 106.33) months. During the follow-up period, a total of 134 patients reached the primary outcome events, including 5 deaths, 24 dialysis patients, 5 kidney transplant patients, and 100 patients with eGFR decreased by more than 40%. After 1∶1 matching, 131 males and 159 females in the hyperuricemia group were successfully matched with 131 males and 159 females in the normal uric acid group, and there was no significant statistical difference in each parameter in baseline between the hyperuricemia group and normal uric acid group after matching. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that either before or after matching, the incidence of primary outcome events in male or female patients with hyperuricemia was higher than those with normal uric acid, but there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of primary outcome events between female hyperuricemia group and female normal uric acid group after matching (Log-rank test, χ2=3.586, P=0.058). Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that, in the pre-match fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio ( HR) of entering primary outcome events was 2.29-fold (95% CI 1.27-4.11, P=0.006) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.85-fold (95% CI 1.01-3.37, P=0.045) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the post-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering primary outcome events was 2.41-fold (95% CI 1.18-4.93, P=0.016) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.83-fold (95% CI 0.91-3.67, P=0.091) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the pre-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering renal outcome events was 2.68-fold (95% CI 1.47-4.88, P=0.001) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.81-fold (95% CI 0.99-3.33, P=0.056) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. In the post-match fully adjusted model, the HR of entering renal outcome events was 2.89-fold (95% CI 1.36-6.15, P=0.006) for men with hyperuricemia and 1.81-fold (95% CI 0.88-3.72, P=0.106) for women with hyperuricemia compared with those with normal uric acid. Conclusion:Hyperuricemia may be associated with IgAN progression, and it has a more significant effect on male IgAN patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the function of motor behavior and cognitive working memory of long-term Parkinson’s disease(PD) cynomolgus monkey, which has been seven years after induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injection through internal carotid artery and investigate the effects of benserazide-levodopa and donepezil intervention on above mentioned dysfunction of motor behavior and cognitive working memory.Methods:Five long-term cynomolgus monkey PD models and five healthy ones with the same as normal control, behavioral evaluation was performed respectively, including Kurlan rating scale for evaluating the severity of PD symptoms, pick up test (PUT) for detecting the upper limb fine motor skills; physical activity monitoring(PAM) for analyzing the 24 h whole day locomotion exercise, and 12 h locomotion activity during sleep.In addition, delay matching-to-sample (DMTS) for detecting cognitive working memory.Furthermore, benserazide-levodopa was administered orally for 10 days, twice a day, 250 mg each time, and after 10 days interval, and donepezil was orally administered for 14 days, once a day, 5 mg each time, and all above behavioral indicators were tested after madopar and donepezil intervention respectively.Results:Kurlan score (4.10±1.01) in the long-term chronic PD model group was significantly increased than that in the normal control (0) ( P<0.01). Compared with the normal control, PUT test for retrieving the food items was not able to be performed with the right upper limb( P<0.01). The time for picking up the food items in left upper limbs ((23.14±7.96)s) was no significant difference from that in normal control group ((12.52±2.71)s) ( P>0.05). The 24 h total locomotion (2 3531.75±9 065.85) was not different from that normal control group (52 750.34±27 598.89) ( P>0.05). The 12 h total locomotor activity during sleep period (2 911.34±1 845.47) was not different from the normal control group (3 310.67±1 721.63). The DMTS correction rate in long-term chronic PD group at 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, and 30 s delay were (61.60±9.21)%, (51.20±11.80)%, (49.60±8.29)%, (60.80±4.38)%, respectively, and was significantly decreased ( P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with those in normal control group ((96.80±3.35)%, (84.80±8.67)%, (80.80±7.69)%, (74.40±4.56)%, respectively). After intervention of benserazide-levodopa, there was no significant difference in Kurlan score (2.60±0.38) compared with that before intervention (4.10±1.01) ( P>0.05); the PUT test in right upper limb was still not able to be performed, the time for retrieving the food items in left upper limb ((15.40±4.14)s) was less than that before administration ((23.14±7.96)s) ( P<0.05); the 24 h total locomotion activity (44 128.25±16 464.71) was increasesd than that before intervention (23 531.75±9 065.85) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in 12 h locomotion activity during sleep (4 931.84±2 304.06) compared with that before madopar administration (2 911.34±1 845.47) ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the DMTS correction rate at 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s before and after madopar intervention(all P>0.05). There was no difference in all behavioral indicators (all P>0.05) between before and sfter donepezil administration. Conclusion:Long-term chronic PD monkeys still exist symptoms and motor behavior and cognitive working memory impairment.The benserazide-levodopa intervention can improve the motor behavior and cognitive working memory dysfunction, indicating that the lesion of functional integrity of dopaminergic system is still exist in long-term chronic Parkinsonian monkeys.Donepezil intervention is not able to reverse the motor and cognitive working memory, implying that mechanism underlying the cognitive memory impairment of PD monkeys is different from that in Alzheimer's disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the treatment of unilateral blepharoptosis caused by oculomotor nerve paralysis with pseudo-Graefe phenomenon after craniocerebral trauma or operation.Methods Three patients suffered from blepharoptosis caused by oculomotor nerve paralysis with pseudo-Graefe phenomenon were collected in this study and the modified levator resection technique was applied to correct ptosis.The observation index after operation included the height of upper palpebral margin,the radian of double eyelid,the change of eye movement and the corresponding upper eyelid height,the eye closure function and the incidence of exposure keratitis.Results One case of oculomotor nerve palsy with moderate ptosis achieved an ideal height of upper eyelid after surgery,two cases of oculomotor nerve palsy with severe ptosis were undercorrection.All the three patients had smooth double eyelid radian,no obvious change of eye movement and corresponding upper eyelid height compared with preoperative.The two severe ptoses could close eyes well,but the moderate ptosis patient couldnot close eyes completely.Conclusions The technique of modified levator resection is an effective method to treat the moderate ptosis caused by oculomotor nerve paralysis with pseudo-Graefe phenomenon,but the results are unfavorable in the treatment of severe ptosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish and evaluate anxiety and depression like behaviors in MPTP-in-duced chronic Parkinsonism cynomolgus monkey. Methods Ten cynomolgus monkeys ( 15. 0 ± 1. 5 years old) were divided into normal group and MPTP-induced parkinsonism group(PD group),5 animals in each group. The behavioral methods for evaluating the anxiety and depression like behaviors in non-human prima-tes included Apathy Feeding Test (AFT),Human Intruder Test (HIT),Novel Fruit Test (NFT) and Preda-tor Confrontation Test (PCT). The changes in behavioral indicators between the two groups were analyzed. Results In AFT,PD group spent more time in observing food on both sides,and significantly higher than that in normal group (left:0. 73(0. 49) s,0. 50(0. 28) s,P<0. 01;right:0. 75(0. 60) s,0. 53(0. 16) s,P<0. 01),moreover PD group had limb disorder on the right side,and spent more time in taking food which sig-nificantly more than normal group (0. 83(0. 20) s,0. 57(0. 14) s,P<0. 01). In HIT,PD group moved and stood better than that in normal group,and occurred abnormal behaviors,such as climbed,grinded,scratched and shook cages (P>0. 05),while normal group spent more time in the back of cage during Stare and Back period( Stare:0(64. 70)s,111. 27(38. 94)s,P=0. 033; Back:0(25. 84) s,120(114. 69) s; H=17. 397). Finally,PD group had lower take-up rate and higher withdrawal rate than normal group in PCT(P>0. 05). Conclusion This study establishes a multi-angle evaluation of behavioral methods for anxiety and depres-sion in non-human primates. The analysis confirmed that chronic Parkinson's disease cynomolgus monkeys has different degrees of anxiety and depression,which provides a new method for preclinical intervention in Parkinson's disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective Comparison of clinical and pathological features of Henoch-Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis with different proportions of crescent.Methods Patients with Henoch Schonlein nephritis diagnosed by renal biopsy in our hospital from 2012 to 2017 (proportions of crescent ＜ 50％)were enrolled and grouped according to the rate of crescent formation (A group:crescent formation rate ＜ 10％;B group:10％-24％;C group:＞ 24％-50％),their epidemiological,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination,clinicopathological features were compared.Results There was no significant difference between the three groups in sex,age and incidence of diabetes(P ＞ 0.05).The morbidity of hypertension in C group is higher than others (P ＜ 0.05).There were no different in the incidence of hematemesis,abdominal pain,joint pain in the three groups (P ＞0.05),while the incidence of edema and gross hematuria was significantly higher in group C than others.There were more patients had Nephritic syndrome (38.8％) in C group than the other groups (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in 24 h urinary protein,C-reactive protein (CRP),urine red blood cell,eosinophil granulocyte and immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the 3 groups.The levels of serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen (BUN),and low density lipoprotein (LDL) increased significantly in group C,and the level of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albumin decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05).The tubulointerstitial lesions,mesangial cell proliferation and deposition of C1q levels,C group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In Henoch Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis,with the increase of the proportion of the crescent body,the renal function and pathological changes of the kidney are gradually aggravated.Therefore,the crescent is important for the prognosis of Henoch Sch(o)nlein purpura nephritis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) proliferation induced by IgA1 and the association with the expression of apoptosis-related proteins-B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),cysteine aspartic acid protease-3 (Caspase-3),cysteine aspartic acid protease-9 (Caspase-9) and with mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in rat GMCs,to study the possible mechanism of valsartan inhibiting rat GMCs proliferation,and to provide a new direction for the mechanism of GMCs proliferation and intervention research in IgA nephrology (IgAN).Methods GMCs stimulated with IgA1 were cultured in vitro to detect cellproliferation with the cell counting kit-8 cell activity assay (CCK8).GMCs were divided into three groups:CG,TG and VG.The GMCs proliferation level was detected by the CCK8,using real-time PCR to detect Mfn2 expression and Western blotting to detect protein levels of Mfn2,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Results Rat GMCs proliferated significantly after stimulation with IgA1,and IgA1 could obviously stimulate high expression of Bcl-2 in GMCs and down regulate the expression of Mfn2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Valsartan could inhibit the proliferation of GMCs induced by IgA1 significantly,downregulate the expression of Bcl-2,and upregulate the expression of Mfn2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Conclusions These results showed that the mechanism of action of valsartan in the treatment of lgAN is inhibiting the proliferation of GMCs.This mechanism may be associated with the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins,such as Mfn2,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.These findings may provide a new direction for the mechanism of GMCs proliferation and intervention research in IgAN.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the individualized treatment of congential entropion.Methods Totally 150 patients (285 eyes) with congenital entropion were analyzed,the individualized procedures were performed,including the simple incision and suture surgery for simple congenital entropion,removing the redundant skin of lower eyelid for congenital entropion with redundant skin of lower eyelid but without epicanthus,the correction of entropion combined withY-V epicanthoplasty for congenital entropion with epicanthus and the recession of lower eyelid retractor for congenital entropion with lower eyelid retraction.The clinical effect,the percentage of cure and the complication of these cases were evaluated.Results The excellent results were achieved and no relapse or complications occurred in all cases.The total cure rate was 98.6％ (281 of 285 eyes).The cure rate of simple congenital entropion was 92.0％ (23 of 25 eyes).The cure rate of congenital entropion with redundant skin of lower eyelid was 100％ (41 of 41 eyes).The cure rate of congenital halflength entropion accompanied by epicanthus was 99.4 ％ (179/180 eyes).The cure rate of congenital entropion associated with lower eyelid retraction was 97.4％ (38 of 39 eyes).Conclusions Individualized operations not only have well curative effect for various congenital entropions,but recurrence rate and complications have been reduced.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of combined surgeries for the correction of congenital ptosis accompanied by epicanthus.Methods 80 cases (105 eyes) of congenital ptosis were analyzed in this study.64 cases (80 eyes),with levator muscle strength more than 4 mm,were treated with suspension of frontal aponeurosis,and 16 cases (25 eyes),with levator muscle strength less than 4 mm,were treated with shorten operation of levator palpebrae superioris.Furthermore,all these patients were corrected the epicanthus at the same time.Results Except the under correction in 5 cases (8 eyes),the remaining patients were corrected satisfactorily.Postoperative palperbal fissure length was averagely increased by 2.0± 1.0 mm,inner canthic diameter was averagely decreased by 4.0± 2.0 mm,the eyelid height was increased by average 9.0±1.0 mm,the inclination of palpebral fissure was 12.0°±2.0°;64 cases (80 eyes) were treated with suspension of frontal aponeurosis,postoperative recurrence were 7.5％ (6/80),no postoperative recurrence were 92.5％ (74/80),complication were 5.0％ (4/80);16 cases (25 eyes) were treated with shorten operation of levator palpebrae superioris,postoperative recurrence were 8.0％ (2/25),and no postoperative recurrence were 8.0％ (2/25);complication rates were 4.0％ (1/25).Conclusions This procedure of combined surgeries can reduce the recurrence rate effectively.Moreover,the satisfactory,functional,and aesthetic results can be obtained simultaneously with this method.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the infection rates of mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe),mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and mycoplasma ferments (Mf) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),chronic kideny disease (CKD),and heathy people,to compare the difference of infection rate,and to analyze the association of mycoplasma infection and clinicopathological features in IgAN.Methods Blood samples were collected from 118 patients in IgAN group,90 patients in CKD group,and 89 cases in health control group.DNA of Mpe,Mp and Mf was detected in plasma by PCR.Positive cases were confirmed by Southern blot.According to mycoplasma infection,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,then analyzed the clinicopatholgical features.Results (1)Genus,Mpe,Mp,and Mf positive rates were 33.05％,16.1％,25.45 ％,and 8.47％ in IgAN group,respectively; 5.56％,2.22％,5.56％,and 2.22％ in CKD group,respectively; and 3.33 ％,1.11％,2.22％,and 0 in health group,respectively.Compared with CKD and health group,patients in IgAN group had a higher infection rate in Genus,Mpe,and Mp (P ＜ 0.05).In IgAN group,10 patients had three kinds of mycoplasmas infection at the same time,and positive rate was 8.47％ much higher than CKD group (positive rate was 2.22％) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Based on mycoplasm detection results,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,overlapping infection group and mycoplasma negative group.In overlapping infection group,the mean age of onset was much younger than negative group.Compared with negative group,overlapping infection group had higher tonsillitis and urinary tract infection rate,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with IgAN had higher infection rate of Genus,Mpe and Mp,compared with CKD patients and health people.Compared with mycoplasma negative group in IgAN patients,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion in overlapping infection group,which suggested that infection of Mpe might have some possible connection with IgAN.
ABSTRACT
Uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) is a member of the multigenic uncoupling proteins (UCPs), specific expressing in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. UCP4 plays an important role in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, brain trauma and other central nervous system diseases by uncoupling, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential,regulating Ca2+ homeostasis and oxidative stress. This article reviews UCP4 and its roles in the central nervous system diseases in order to provide certain basis for the development of UCP4targeted medication.